Robert spear



N. PETERS. PHOTO-LITHOGRAPMEE. WASHINGTON D C ROBERT SPEAK, 0F NllWv HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

Letters Patent No. 97,324, dated Norembe/r 30, 1869.

GOVERNOR.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part 0f the same.

To all whom it may concern:

.Be it known that I, ROBERT SPEAK, of New Haven, iu the county of New Haven, and State ot Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvement-s iu Governors; and I do hereby declare" `that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

- The nature of my invention consists in so constructing a governor that its action will be entirely independent of any motion derived from the engine or machinery to be regulated, and by the combined and reciprocal action of gravity, with the pressure of steam or other motor, a uniform force will be exerted upon the4 engine or machiueryto be operated, regardless of the amount of force, or its sudden changes, when in excess of that at which the governor is set or rated, substantially as hereinafter set forth.A

In order to enable others skilled inthe artto which my invention appertains, to make and use the same, I willnow proceed to describe its construction and operation, referiing to the annexed drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section, and

Figure 2is a side elevation of my invention.

A represents the casing or shell of my machine, so 'constructed as to form a chamber, B, at its lower end, ,having the pipeC, connecting with the boilcr or powersource, and 1), the egress or connection with the cngine.

Above the chamber B is a' cylimlrical-shaped portion, E, open at both' ends, and connecting with the upper' chamber G, on top ot' which is the cover H.

On top'of the cover H is placed a cap, I, the use of which will be hereinafter described.`

The piston-rod J extends through the centre of the entire machine, ,uniting the piston K and the valve L, the piston being placed within the cylindrical portion E, and the valve at the entrance to thc chamber B.

The sides of this entrance are inclined, resembling an inverted cone, and the sides of the valve L have the same angle, asseen iny lig. l.

a represents apin through the pistou-rod J, for the purpose of arresting the downward mot-ion of the piston.

To the piston-rod J, a suitable distance above the machine, i s attached a beam, M, the ends of which are, by means of pivotcd bars N. N, conuected with two levers, OO.. lhese levers are pivoted, at their inner ends, between two'seinicircular guide-bars l P, between the centre ot' which the piston-rod J passes.

On the levers O O are placed adjustable bars or weights, It R.

'lhe guide-bars l) l are secured, in any suitable Ina-nner, to the cap L Frein the inlet-pipe C, cr from the boiler or powersource, a pipe, S7 leads upward, conducting, by means of a branch-pipe, T, steam or tlnid into the chamber G, above the piston K, and the upper end of the pipe S conducts it into the space or chamber lV, formed l between the co'ver H and cap 1.

The required amount of the balls or weights It R depends upon the diiier'ence in the area of the upper surface of the valveL, nd the lower surface of the piston K, as well as theV ength of the lever-s O O, upon which said weights are suspended. p

The top oi' the pistonK and the bottom of the valve L being the same size, when the steam or iiuid is admitted from the pipe C, through the pipe S and brauchpipe T into the chamber G, the force or pressure in it becomes the same .as in the boiler or power-source; consequent-ly, the pressure on the lower side of the valve is neutralized. When, now, force is admitted into the chamber B, it tends to elevate the piston K, in proportion to its increased area, over the upper surface of the valve, which, in turn, is couuteracted by the resista-nce of the weights 1t 1t upon the piston-rod J, as also by the tendency of the valve L, from its peculiar shape, to close the aperture of its case.

It', now, the outlet D is of the proper size, as compared with the inlet C, or, it' too large, reduced by means ot' a stop-cock, the iiuid or 4steam will be uniformly discharged, regardless of the increaseor diminution iu thepowcr-source or boiler, so long as the pressure is greater than that at which .the governor is set in gear by the position and amountof the weights. rlhe reason of this is obvious, b vconsidering the ten` dency of 4an increase 'of force to elevate or approximately close. the valve L, while a diminutionl 0i' force ofthe steam or "fluid must have the opposite eii'ect ci' tending to weaken the force in the chamber B, which force is the prop or support for the weights, which, by their dropping, depress the valve, thus enlarging the space between it and its seat.

By this means, a constant pressure is maintained in the chamber B, except that there may be an amount of friction, caused'by the action of the piston Kin its cylinder, land the piston-rod J through itsstuiIi11g-bo.\', in the cover H.

This it is intended to obviate by the elastic part a of the cap I, (which is a cover tothe chamber W,) and the position it assumes, by slipping upon the pistonrod J, said elastic cover being iniiated Aby the steam or tluid entering the chamber YV through the pipe S.

As the governor is set in gear, the elastic cover is attached to the piston-rod by a thumb-screw, b, passing through its stuiiing-box c. Should, then, the power increase, causing a slight elevation -in the piston, there is also au increased expansion of this elastic cover, thetube or pipe4 S connecting the chamber W with the powersource; but if the force decreases, the elastic cover, beingasuitably` tempered, exerts a certain depression on the piston-rod, which is intended and found by experiments to correspond with the amount of friction in the machine, the friction being plus the weight ascending, but minus descending, for which is substituted the accumulated force, as above described.

Supposing that fifty-one pounds of force per inch is required to raise the piston up, fifty of which are the gravity or weight to be raised, and friction amounting to one pound per inch to be overcome; then, by the action of the elastic cover a, the piston will not be delayed in its descent till the pressure in the chamberB has decreased to forty-nine pounds, or thereabout, as would otherwise be the case, but it will instantly fall so as to increase the receiving-orifice in proportion as the force may have weakened.

vI would observe, that while Iprefer to make the sides of the entrance to chamber B inclined, or like an inverted cone, yet I am fully aware that this entrance might be differently constructed or formed. I do not, therefore, confine myself to any peculiar formation ot' the valve or entrance to chamber B.

Having thus fully described my invention,

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The case A, constructed as described, so as to form the chamber B, having inlet C and outlet D, the cylinder E, and chamber G, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.

2. In combination'with the case A, constructed as levers 0 O, and weights R R, all substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.

5. The elastic cover a, secured to the piston-rod J by the thumb-screw b, or other suitable means, and operating substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth. v

6. The arrangement of the pipes S and T, whereby the steam or uid is conducted from the boiler or power-source to the chambers G and W, substantially l as and for the purposes herein set forth. y

7. The entrance to the chamber B, formed in the 'shape of an inverted cone, in combination with the valve L, operating substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own, I aix niy signature, in presence of two witnesses.

ROBERT SPEAR.

Witnesses: I

T. H. ALEXANDER, C. ALEXAXDER. 

